Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Canadian 4th edition

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William Mendenhall, Robert J. Beaver, Barbara M. Beaver, and S. Ejaz Ahmed
Publisher: Cengage Learning Canada

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  • Chapter 1: Describing Data with Graphs
    • 1.1: Variables and Data
    • 1.2: Types of Variables
    • 1.3: Graphs for Categorical Data (4)
    • 1.4: Graphs for Quantitative Data
    • 1.5: Relative Frequency Histograms (5)
    • 1: Supplementary Exercises (4)
    • 1: Test Bank (29)

  • Chapter 2: Describing Data with Numerical Measures
    • 2.1: Describing a Set of Data with Numerical Measures
    • 2.2: Measures of Centre (2)
    • 2.3: Measures of Variability (2)
    • 2.4: On the Practical Significance of the Standard Deviation
    • 2.5: A Check on the Calculation of s (6)
    • 2.6: Measures of Relative Standing
    • 2.7: The Five-Number Summary and the Box Plot (3)
    • 2: Supplementary Exercises (7)
    • 2: Test Bank (49)

  • Chapter 3: Describing Bivariate Data
    • 3.1: Bivariate Data
    • 3.2: Graphs for Qualitative Variables (2)
    • 3.3: Scatterplots for Two Quantitative Variables
    • 3.4: Numerical Measures for Quantitative Bivariate Data (3)
    • 3: Supplementary Exercises (4)
    • 3: Test Bank (13)

  • Chapter 4: Probability and Probability Distributions
    • 4.1: The Role of Probability in Statistics
    • 4.2: Events and the Sample Space
    • 4.3: Calculating Probabilities Using Simple Events (6)
    • 4.4: Useful Counting Rules (Optional) (8)
    • 4.5: Event Relations and Probability Rules
    • 4.6: Independence, Conditional Probability, and the Multiplication Rule (8)
    • 4.7: Bayes' Rule (Optional) (4)
    • 4.8: Discrete Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions (5)
    • 4: Supplementary Exercises (13)
    • 4: Test Bank (36)

  • Chapter 5: Several Useful Discrete Distributions
    • 5.1: Introduction
    • 5.2: The Binomial Probability Distribution (9)
    • 5.3: The Poisson Probability Distribution (3)
    • 5.4: The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution (4)
    • 5: Supplementary Exercises (11)
    • 5: Test Bank (41)

  • Chapter 6: The Normal Probability Distribution
    • 6.1: Probability Distributions for Continuous Random Variables
    • 6.2: The Normal Probability Distribution
    • 6.3: Tabulated Areas of the Normal Probability Distribution (10)
    • 6.4: The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Probability Distribution (Optional) (6)
    • 6: Supplementary Exercises (11)
    • 6: Test Bank (65)

  • Chapter 7: Sampling Distributions
    • 7.1: Introduction
    • 7.2: Sampling Plans and Experimental Designs (3)
    • 7.3: Statistics and Sampling Distributions
    • 7.4: The Central Limit Theorem
    • 7.5: The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean (7)
    • 7.6: The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion (5)
    • 7.7: A Sampling Application: Statistical Process Control (Optional) (4)
    • 7: Supplementary Exercises (9)
    • 7: Test Bank (32)

  • Chapter 8: Large-Sample Estimation
    • 8.1: Where We've Been and Where We're Going
    • 8.2: Types of Estimators
    • 8.3: Point Estimation (6)
    • 8.4: Interval Estimation (5)
    • 8.5: Estimating the Difference between Two Population Means (5)
    • 8.6: Estimating the Difference between Two Binomial Proportions (4)
    • 8.7: One-Sided Confidence Bounds
    • 8.8: Choosing the Sample Size (6)
    • 8: Supplementary Exercises (9)
    • 8: Test Bank (43)

  • Chapter 9: Large-Sample Tests of Hypotheses
    • 9.1: Testing Hypotheses about Population Parameters
    • 9.2: A Statistical Test of Hypothesis
    • 9.3: A Large-Sample Test about a Population Mean (7)
    • 9.4: A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Population Means (2)
    • 9.5: A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for a Binomial Proportion (3)
    • 9.6: A Large-Sample Test of Hypothesis for the Difference between Two Binomial Proportions (4)
    • 9.7: Some Comments on Testing Hypotheses
    • 9: Supplementary Exercises (7)
    • 9: Test Bank (56)

  • Chapter 10: Inference from Small Samples
    • 10.1: Introduction
    • 10.2: Student's t Distribution
    • 10.3: Small-Sample Inferences Concerning a Population Mean (7)
    • 10.4: Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Population Means: Independent Random Samples (6)
    • 10.5: Small-Sample Inferences for the Difference between Two Means: A Paired-Difference Test (6)
    • 10.6: Inferences Concerning a Population Variance (3)
    • 10.7: Comparing Two Population Variances (5)
    • 10.8: Revisiting the Small-Sample Assumptions
    • 10: Supplementary Exercises (12)
    • 10: Test Bank (81)

  • Chapter 11: The Analysis of Variance
    • 11.1: The Design of an Experiment
    • 11.2: What Is an Analysis of Variance?
    • 11.3: The Completely Randomized Design: A One-Way Classification (6)
    • 11.4: Ranking Population Means (4)
    • 11.5: The Randomized Block Design: A Two-Way Classification
    • 11.6: The Analysis of Variance for a Randomized Block Design (4)
    • 11.7: The a × b Factorial Experiment: A Two-Way Classification
    • 11.8: The Analysis of Variance for an a × b Factorial Experiment (4)
    • 11.9: Revisiting the Analysis of Variance Assumptions
    • 11.10: A Brief Summary
    • 11: Supplementary Exercises (4)
    • 11: Test Bank (54)

  • Chapter 12: Linear Regression and Correlation
    • 12.1: Introduction
    • 12.2: A Simple Linear Probabilistic Model and Least Squares
    • 12.3: An Analysis of Variance for Linear Regression (3)
    • 12.4: Testing the Usefulness of the Linear Regression Model (2)
    • 12.5: Diagnostic Tools for Checking the Regression Assumptions (2)
    • 12.6: Estimation and Prediction Using the Fitted Line (2)
    • 12.7: Correlation Analysis (4)
    • 12: Supplementary Exercises (4)
    • 12: Test Bank (51)

  • Chapter 13: Multiple Regression Analysis
    • 13.1: Introduction
    • 13.2: The Multiple Regression Model
    • 13.3: A Multiple Regression Analysis
    • 13.4: A Polynomial Regression Model (4)
    • 13.5: Using Quantitative and Qualitative Predictor Variables in a Regression Model (3)
    • 13.6: Testing Sets of Regression Coefficients
    • 13.7: Interpreting Residual Plots
    • 13.8: Stepwise Regression Analysis
    • 13.9: Misinterpreting a Regression Analysis
    • 13.10: Steps to Follow When Building a Multiple Regression Model
    • 13: Supplementary Exercises (2)
    • 13: Test Bank (54)

  • Chapter 14: Analysis of Categorical Data
    • 14.1: A Description of the Experiment
    • 14.2: Pearson's Chi-Square Statistic
    • 14.3: Testing Specified Cell Probabilities: The Goodness-of-Fit Test (6)
    • 14.4: Contingency Tables: A Two-Way Classification (4)
    • 14.5: Comparing Several Multinomial Populations: A Two-Way Classification with Fixed Row or Column Totals (3)
    • 14.6: The Equivalence of Statistical Tests
    • 14.7: Other Applications of the Chi-Square Test
    • 14: Supplementary Exercises (6)
    • 14: Test Bank (40)

  • Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics
    • 15.1: Introduction
    • 15.2: The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test: Independent Random Samples (4)
    • 15.3: The Sign Test for a Paired Experiment (3)
    • 15.4: A Comparison of Statistical Tests
    • 15.5: The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for a Paired Experiment (4)
    • 15.6: The Kruskal–Wallis H Test for Completely Randomized Designs (2)
    • 15.7: The Friedman Fr Test for Randomized Block Designs (2)
    • 15.8: Rank Correlation Coefficient (3)
    • 15.9: Summary
    • 15: Supplementary Exercises (7)
    • 15: Test Bank (73)


In the technologically advanced world of today, we encounter data and statistics daily. From news outlets to retail to social media, it is becoming ever more important to understand statistics and how they are used. Introduction to Probability and Statistics is written to help "train your brain" for statistical thinking and understanding, a theme central to this 4th Canadian edition. This text contains full coverage of descriptive and inferential statistics while taking a user-friendly approach to help students practice, understand and connect to statistical thinking. The 4th Canadian edition aims to bolster student success with exercises that encourage students to use the breadth of their knowledge and develop strong conceptual foundations. Distinctly Canadian and engaging examples and data, such as that from social media, make Introduction to Probability and Statistics relevant and modern for today's Canadian students and instructors.

The WebAssign component for this title engages students with immediate feedback on randomized end-of-section exercises with question-level links to the appropriate section of a complete interactive eBook, and includes a test bank of multiple-choice questions.

Questions Available within WebAssign

Most questions from this textbook are available in WebAssign. The online questions are identical to the textbook questions except for minor wording changes necessary for Web use. Whenever possible, variables, numbers, or words have been randomized so that each student receives a unique version of the question. This list is updated nightly.

Question Group Key
E - Exercises
TB - Test Bank


Question Availability Color Key
BLACK questions are available now
GRAY questions are under development


Group Quantity Questions
Chapter 1: Describing Data with Graphs
1.E 13 002 003 006 010 019 021 024 028 030 038 042 045 066
1.TB 29 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029
Chapter 2: Describing Data with Numerical Measures
2.E 20 002 003 016 018 022.S 024 026.S 029 033 041 043 048 050 057 059 065 070 072 075 085
2.TB 49 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049
Chapter 3: Describing Bivariate Data
3.E 9 005 007 012 016 018 021 029 030 037
3.TB 13 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013
Chapter 4: Probability and Probability Distributions
4.E 44 002 003 005 009 012 015 018 021.MI 021.MI.SA 022 025 028 031 038 045 047.MI 047.MI.SA 050 053 054 058 065 073 076 079 081 084 087 093 097 099 103 107 110 113 116 119 124 127 130 132 135 136 139
4.TB 36 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036
Chapter 5: Several Useful Discrete Distributions
5.E 27 001 003 006 007 011 014 017 025 029 036 041 044 049 052 055 057 061 065 070 073 077 082 086.S 089 093 097 100
5.TB 41 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041
Chapter 6: The Normal Probability Distribution
6.E 27 001 003 005 007 009 011 013 017 025 029 035 037 039 041 047 051 054.S 056.S 058 060.S 062.S 064.S 066 074 078 082 086
6.TB 65 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065
Chapter 7: Sampling Distributions
7.E 28 003 005 009 017 022 026 030.S 031 036 039 041 045 047 049 054 058 060 062 066 069 072.S 074 080 082 084 086 087 088
7.TB 32 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032
Chapter 8: Large-Sample Estimation
8.E 35 007 009 011 013 018 024 027 029 031 036 040 046 048 050 052 056 060.S 063 068 072 073 075 078.S 081 084 088 091 094 097 100 103 109 112 119 122
8.TB 43 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043
Chapter 9: Large-Sample Tests of Hypotheses
9.E 23 001 003 005 009 013 017 020 024 027 038 043 046 050 053 057 059 061 064 067 070 076 079 081
9.TB 56 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056
Chapter 10: Inference from Small Samples
10.E 39 007.S 009 011 013 017 019 020.S 025 027 029 031 034 037 043 044 047 048 051 054 057 058 061 066 068 070 073 075 081.S 084 087 089.S 090 094 098 104 110 114 118 122
10.TB 81 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081
Chapter 11: The Analysis of Variance
11.E 22 003 007 009 011 014 017 020 021 023 025 029 033 035 038 043 046 048 052 054 057 060 064
11.TB 54 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054
Chapter 12: Linear Regression and Correlation
12.E 17 007 009 011 021 026 036 040 042 049 054 055.S 058 059 070 073 077 080
12.TB 51 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051
Chapter 13: Multiple Regression Analysis
13.E 9 003 005 010 015 017 020 023 025 035
13.TB 54 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054
Chapter 14: Analysis of Categorical Data
14.E 19 003 005 008.MI.S 008.MI.SA 011.S 014 017 018 021 024 027 030 033.S 037 040 043 047 057 060
14.TB 40 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040
Chapter 15: Nonparametric Statistics
15.E 25 001 003 005 008 013 016 019 021 025 027 029 033 036 039 041 043 046 049 055 059 062 065 070 074 077
15.TB 73 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057 058 059 060 061 062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073
Total 1074